4 October 2019 | Author/Destination: European Union / Europäische Union | Rubric: Architecture , European Union , General , Living, Working, Building , Palaces, Castles, Manors, Parks , UNESCO World Heritage
© Morningstar1814/cc-by-sa-3.0
🔊 Listen to this Post
In the 8th century, the Iberian Peninsula saw the arrival of Arabs and Berbers who mixed with the Roman-Visigoth inhabitants, engendering what was known as
Al-Andalus . This successful medieval Muslim civilisation extended, at its peak, to most of what is today Spain and Portugal, until its downfall in the late 15th century.
read more…
6 January 2018 | Author/Destination: Levant / Levante | Rubric: Editorial , General , Union for the Mediterranean
© Oncenawhile
🔊 Listen to this Post
(Latest update: 15 February 2020) The Arab–Israeli conflict is the political tension, military conflicts and disputes between a number of
Arab countries and
Israel . The roots (
European colonial period ,
Ottoman Empire , widespread
Antisemitism in Europe,
Jews in the Russian Empire ,
Baron Edmond James de Rothschild (
Jewish land purchase in Palestine ),
Theodor Herzl ,
Jewish National Fund ,
timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict ,
World War I ,
Sykes–Picot Agreement (
San Remo conference ,
Mandate for Palestine ,
UN Charter, Chapter XII – International Trusteeship System, Article 80 (commonly known as the “Palestine Article” used by both conflict parties, Israel and Palestine, to create the wildest interpretations, speculations and conspiracy theories to assert the respective alleged right to the total land area),
McMahon–Hussein Correspondence ),
Balfour Declaration ,
World War II ,
The Holocaust (
International Holocaust Remembrance Day ),
Évian Conference ,
Mandatory Palestine ,
Forced displacement , and
United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine ) of the modern Arab–Israeli conflict (or the history of collective failure) are bound in the rise of
Zionism and
Arab nationalism towards the end of the 19th century. Territory regarded by the
Jewish people as their
historical homeland is also regarded by the
Pan-Arab movement as historically and currently belonging to the
Palestinians , and in the
Pan-Islamic context , as
Muslim lands . The
sectarian conflict between Palestinian Jews and Arabs emerged in the early 20th century, peaking into a
full-scale civil war in 1947 and transforming into the
First Arab–Israeli War in May 1948 following the
Israeli Declaration of Independence (
Nakba and the
assassination of UN mediator Folke Bernadotte by the terror organization
Lehi/Stern gang . Among them, the later Israeli PM
Yitzhak Shamir ). Large-scale hostilities mostly ended with the cease-fire agreements after the 1973
Yom Kippur War, Ramadan War, or October War . Peace agreements were signed between Israel and Egypt in 1979, resulting in Israeli withdrawal from the
Sinai Peninsula and abolishment of the
military governance system in the
West Bank and
Gaza Strip , in favor of
Israeli Civil Administration and consequent unilateral, internationally not recognized, annexation of the
Syrian Golan Heights and
East Jerusalem . Even when the text is about 166 pages long, it is just a summary. The multitude of links point out that there is a lot more to learn in detail. At first, it is a timeline of the major developments in the region and it leads to today’s challenges. The starting point is the view of the
international community , especially the European Union and North America, on the conflict, enriched with excursions into the ideas, convictions, believes, and thoughts of the direct and indirect involved parties to the conflict.
read more…
