Portrait: Marie Curie, physicist and chemist
Wednesday, 26 September 2018 - 11:00 am (CET/MEZ) Berlin | Author/Destination: Editorial / Redaktion Category/Kategorie: Portrait
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Marie Curie
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Marie Skłodowska Curie, born Maria Salomea Skłodowska was a
Polish and naturalized-French physicist and
chemist who conducted pioneering research on
radioactivity . She was the
first woman to win a
Nobel Prize , the first person and only woman to
win twice , the only person to win a Nobel Prize in two different sciences, and was part of the
Curie family legacy of five Nobel Prizes. She was also the first woman to become a professor at the
University of Paris , and in 1995 became the first woman to be entombed on her own merits in the
Panthéon in
Paris .
She was born in Warsaw , in what was then the Kingdom of Poland , part of the Russian Empire . She studied at Warsaw’s clandestine Flying University and began her practical scientific training in Warsaw. In 1891, aged 24, she followed her older sister Bronisława to study in Paris, where she earned her higher degrees and conducted her subsequent scientific work. She shared the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics with her husband Pierre Curie and with physicist Henri Becquerel . She won the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry .
Birthplace of Marie Curie in Warsaw, today the Marie Curie Museum © Tilman2007/cc-by-sa-4.0
Her achievements included the development of the theory of
radioactivity (a term that she coined), techniques for isolating radioactive
isotopes , and the discovery of two elements,
polonium and
radium . Under her direction, the world’s first studies into the treatment of
neoplasms were conducted using radioactive isotopes. She founded the
Curie Institutes in Paris and
in Warsaw , which remain major centres of medical research today. During
World War I , she developed mobile radiography units to provide
X-ray services to
field hospitals .
While a French citizen, Marie Skłodowska Curie, who used both surnames, never lost her sense of
Polish identity . She taught her daughters the
Polish language and took them on visits to Poland. She named the first
chemical element that she discovered in 1898
polonium , after her native country. Marie Curie died in 1934, aged 66, at a
sanatorium in
Sancellemoz (
Haute-Savoie ), France, of
aplastic anemia from exposure to radiation in the course of her scientific research and in the course of her radiological work at field hospitals during
World War I .
Read more on
Musée Curie Paris and
Wikipedia Marie Curie (
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