Portrait: Charlemagne, the Father of Europe

Wednesday, 22 January 2025 - 11:00 am (CET/MEZ) Berlin | Author/Destination:
Category/Kategorie: General, European Union, Portrait
Reading Time:  4 minutes

Karlsschrein (Shrine of Charlemagne) in Aachen Cathedral © Beckstet/cc-by-sa-3.0

Karlsschrein (Shrine of Charlemagne) in Aachen Cathedral © Beckstet/cc-by-sa-3.0

Charlemagne was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Emperor of what is now known as the Carolingian Empire from 800, holding these titles until his death in 814. He united most of Western and Central Europe, and was the first recognised emperor to rule from the west after the fall of the Western Roman Empire approximately three centuries earlier. Charlemagne’s reign was marked by political and social changes that had lasting influence on Europe throughout the Middle Ages.

A member of the Frankish Carolingian dynasty, Charlemagne was the eldest son of Pepin the Short and Bertrada of Laon. With his brother, Carloman I, he became king of the Franks in 768 following Pepin’s death and became the sole ruler three years later. Charlemagne continued his father’s policy of protecting the papacy and became its chief defender, removing the Lombards from power in northern Italy in 774. His reign saw a period of expansion that led to the conquests of Bavaria, Saxony, and northern Spain, as well as other campaigns that led Charlemagne to extend his rule over a large part of Europe. Charlemagne spread Christianity to his new conquests (often by force), as seen at the Massacre of Verden against the Saxons. He also sent envoys and initiated diplomatic contact with the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid in the 790s, due to their mutual interest in Iberian affairs.

Europe at the death of Charlemagne in 814 © Hel-hama Karlsschrein (Shrine of Charlemagne) in Aachen Cathedral © Beckstet/cc-by-sa-3.0 Karlsschrein (Shrine of Charlemagne) in Aachen Cathedral © HOWI/cc-by-sa-3.0 Karlsschrein (Shrine of Charlemagne) in Aachen Cathedral © Sailko/cc-by-3.0 Charlemagne's additions to the Frankish Empire 481 to 814 © Sémhur/cc-by-sa-3.0 Charlemagne's throne in Aachen Catedral © Berthold Werner/cc-by-sa-3.0
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Karlsschrein (Shrine of Charlemagne) in Aachen Cathedral © Beckstet/cc-by-sa-3.0
In 800, Charlemagne was crowned emperor in Rome by Pope Leo III. Although historians debate the coronation’s significance, the title represented the height of his prestige and authority. Charlemagne’s position as the first emperor in the West in over 300 years brought him into conflict with the Eastern Roman Empire in Constantinople. Through his assumption of the imperial title, he is considered the forerunner to the line of Holy Roman Emperors, which persisted into the nineteenth century. As king and emperor, Charlemagne engaged in a number of reforms in administration, law, education, military organisation, and religion, which shaped Europe for centuries. The stability of his reign began a period of cultural activity known as the Carolingian Renaissance.

Charlemagne died in 814 and was buried at Aachen Cathedral in Aachen, his imperial capital city. He was succeeded by his only surviving legitimate son, Louis the Pious. After Louis, the Frankish kingdom was divided and eventually coalesced into West and East Francia, which later became France and Germany, respectively. Charlemagne’s profound influence on the Middle Ages and influence on the territory he ruled has led him to be called the “Father of Europe” by many historians. He is seen as a founding figure by multiple European states and a number of historical royal houses of Europe trace their lineage back to him. Charlemagne has been the subject of artworks, monuments and literature during and after the medieval period and is venerated by the Catholic Church.

Read more on Wikipedia Charlemagne (Smart Traveler App by U.S. Department of State - Weather report by weather.com - Global Passport Power Rank - Travel Risk Map - Democracy Index - GDP according to IMF, UN, and World Bank - Global Competitiveness Report - Corruption Perceptions Index - Press Freedom Index - World Justice Project - Rule of Law Index - UN Human Development Index - Global Peace Index - Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index). Photos by Wikimedia Commons. If you have a suggestion, critique, review or comment to this blog entry, we are looking forward to receive your e-mail at comment@wingsch.net. Please name the headline of the blog post to which your e-mail refers to in the subject line.




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