Neuf-Brisach in Alsace
Wednesday, 8 May 2019 - 11:00 am (CET/MEZ) Berlin | Author/Destination: European Union / Europäische Union Category/Kategorie: General , UNESCO World Heritage
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Town hall © Psu973/cc-by-sa-3.0
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Neuf-Brisach is a
fortified town and
commune of the
department of Haut-Rhin in the
French region of Alsace . The fortified town was intended to guard the border between
France and the
Holy Roman Empire and, subsequently, the German states. It was built after the
Treaty of Ryswick in 1697 that resulted in France losing the town of
Breisach , on the opposite bank of the
Rhine . The town’s name means
New Breisach . In 2008, the
ville neuve of Neuf-Brisach was listed as a
UNESCO World Heritage Site , as part of the
Fortifications of Vauban group.
Work began on the fortified town in 1698, to plans drawn by Vauban , a military engineer at the service of Louis XIV . Vauban died in 1707 and this, his last work, was completed by Louis de Cormontaigne . The city’s layout was that of an ‘ideal city’, as was popular at the time, with a regular square grid street pattern inside an octagonal fortification. Generous space was given to a central square across the four blocks at the middle, flanked by an impressive church. Individual blocks were offered for private development, either as affluent houses in private gardens, or as properties for commercial rent. Simpler housing was provided in long tenement blocks, built inside each curtain wall, which also had the effect of shielding the better houses from the risk of cannon fire. Access was provided by large gateways in the principal four curtain walls.
Porte de Strasbourg © Espirat/cc-by-sa-4.0
The fortifications are Vauban’s final work and the culmination of his
‘Third System’ . There are two lines of defence, an inner
enceinte de sûreté , the bastion wall around the city, and an outer
enceinte de combat , a system of concentric star-shaped earthworks. The curtain wall was largely octagonal, with each flank separated roughly into three and the outer bastion projecting slightly, so as to flank the centre of the walls. Each corner had a raised outwardly projecting pentagonal bastion tower, the highest points of the system. The outer earthworks were deep and occupied a greater area than the city itself. The inner walls were surrounded by
tenailles before the centres of the curtain walls and
counterguards before the bastions. In front of the centre of each curtain face was a large tetrahedral
ravelin , those in front of the gateways also being topped by a
reduit to the rear. Outside all of these earthworks was a
covered way .
The city suffered damage in
World War II , but still represents a very clear example of the latest in fortification work at the beginning of the eighteenth century.
Read more on
Neuf-Brisach ,
Wikivoyage Neuf-Brisach and
Wikipedia Neuf-Brisach (
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